^ Glossary of Native, Foreign, and Anglicized Words Commonly Used in Ceylon in Official Correspondence and Other Documents. Hindu Rites and Rituals: Origins and Meanings. ^ a b c Robert Sewell Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita Robert Schram (1996). 
Robert Sewell Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita Robert Schram (1996). South and Southeast Asian New Year, observations based on mesha sankranti. Songkran, the term used to refer to the Buddhist calendar-based New Year festivals of April. However, some regions also begin the regional new year on Mesha Sankranti. This day is observed by people across India, even in regions which begin the new year using the lunar calendar. The solar element of lunisolar calendars begin the year on Mesha Sankranti. In Gujarat, the regional year commences with the lunar month of Kartika after Diwali. Many regions begin the local new year with the commencement of the lunar calendar: Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra and Goa Cheti Chand for the Sindhi Hindus and Navreh for the Kashmiri Hindus. The lunar element forms the basis of religious calendars and begin the year in Chaitra. The lunar element is based on the movement of the moon and counts each month from either new moon to new moon, full moon to full moon, or the day after the full moon to the next full moon. Many regional calendars have two elements: lunar and solar. See also: Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar 
It is related to the equivalent Buddhist calendar-based New Year festivals in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, parts of Northeast India, parts of Vietnam and Xishuangbanna, China collectively referred to as Songkran. This day is the basis for major Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist festivals, of which Vaisakhi and Vesak are the best known. Mesha Sankranti falls on 13 April usually, sometimes 14 April. The day is important in solar and lunisolar calendars followed on the subcontinent. The concept is also found in Indian astrology texts wherein it refers to the day of transition of sun into the Aries zodiac sign. Mesha Sankranti is one of the twelve Sankranti in the Indian calendar. The day represents specific solar movement according to ancient Sanskrit texts. The solar cycle year is significant in Assamese, Odia, Punjabi, Malayalam, Tamil, and Bengali calendars.
The Hindu calendar also has a lunar new year, which is religiously more significant. Mesha Sankranti (also called Mesha Sankramana or Hindu Solar New Year) refers to the first day of the solar cycle year, that is the solar New Year in the Hindu luni-solar calendar. First day of meṣa masa (13 Apr on leap years 14th Apr on all other years)
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